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First crusade
The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II at Clermont, France with the objective of regaining control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims, and also of giving military assistance to the Byzantine Empire against the Seljuk Turks.
It succeeded in establishing the "Crusader States" of Edessa, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Tripoli in Palestine and Syria. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade [Dec 2004]