E. B. Tylor (1832 - 1917)
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Sir Edward Burnett Tylor (October 2nd, 1832 - January 2nd, 1917), the English anthropologist, was born at Camberwell, London, the son of Joseph Tylor and Harriet Skipper. Alfred Tylor, the geologist, was an elder brother.His parents were members of the Society of Friends, at one of whose schools, at Grove House, Tottenham, he was educated. In 1848 he entered his father's business (J. Tylor and Sons, Brassfounders) in London, but at about the age of twenty he was threatened with consumption and forced to abandon business. During 1855 - 1856 he travelled in the United States of America. Proceeding in 1856 to Cuba, he met Henry Christy the ethnologist, with whom he visited Mexico. Tylor's association with Christy greatly stimulated his awakening interest in anthropology, and his visit to Mexico, with its rich prehistoric remains, led him to make a systematic study of the science.
In 1858 Tylor married Anna Fox.
While on a visit to Cannes he wrote a record of his observations, entitled Anahuac; or, Mexico and the Mexicans, Ancient and Modern, which was published in 1861. In 1865 appeared Researches into the Early History of Mankind, which made Tylor's reputation. It showed great research, original insight, and much constructive power in the formation of systematic views. This book was followed in 1871 by the more elaborate Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Language, Art and Custom. In 1881 Tylor published a smaller and more popular handbook on anthropology.
In 1871 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1875 received the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Laws from the University of Oxford. He was appointed Keeper of the University Museum at Oxford in 1883, and Reader in Anthropology in 1884. In 1888 he was appointed first Gifford lecturer at Aberdeen University. In 1896 he became Professor of Anthropology at Oxford and was knighted in 1912. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._B._Tylor [Jun 2004]
Fetishism [...]
Culture [...]
E. B. Taylor (1871:1) was probably the first to define the term "culture". He defined it as "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." The term "subculture", though not the concept, was not commonly used in social science literature until after World War II. Wolfgang credits Albert Cohen with "the first and most fertile theoretical statements about the meaning of subculture" (Wolfgang & Ferracuti, 1967: 97). --MARVIN WOLFGANG’S SUBCULTURE OF VIOLENCE THEORY [Jun 2004]
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