Unconscious and unconsciousness
Related: id - psychology
In Freud's systematization, the mind is divided into the conscious mind or Ego and two parts of the Unconscious: the Id or instincts and the Superego. Freud used the idea of the unconscious in order to explain certain kinds of neurotic behavior. [Jun 2006]
The unconscious mind
The unconscious mind is the aspect (or alleged aspect) of the mind of which we are not directly conscious or aware. The unconscious is also often referred to as the subconscious. The unconscious mind should not be confused with unconsciousness.
The idea originated in antiquity, and its more modern history is detailed in Henri F Ellenberger's Discovery of the Unconscious (Basic Books, 1970). The term was popularized by Sigmund Freud. He developed the idea that there were layers to human consciousness: the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. He thought that certain psychic events take place "below the surface", or in the unconscious mind. A good example is dreams, which Freud called the "royal road to the unconscious". --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconscious, Feb 2004
Unconsciousness
Unconsciousness is the absence of consciousness. Unconsciousness normally only occurs during sleep, and even then dreaming may involve partial or full consciousness of dream events. Unconsciousness may also occur from a concussion, during an epileptic seizure, as a result of intoxication, or due to some other medical condition (such as a neurological dysfunction), and during general anaesthesia.
Unconsciousness is not the same thing as the unconscious mind, which is assumed to operate even whilst the individual is conscious. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconsciousness [Feb 2005]
The Discovery of the Unconscious in the 19th Century (A Time Line)
--http://www.boards.greaterthelema.org/viewtopic.php?pid=132 [Sept 2004]
1774
F.A. Mesmer, demonstrations of Mesmerism, or animal magnetism.
1781
Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare; painting.
1799
Francesco Goya, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters; Caprichos, pl. 43; etching.
1819
Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea; philosophy
1822
Theodore Gericault's portraits of the insane for Dr. Georget; paintings.
1836
Robert Macnish, The Philosophy of Sleep; psychology.
1839
Edgar A. Poe, "William Wilson;" short story about double personality.
1842
James Braid, Scottish physician, coins term Hypnotism.
1843
Gustave Courbet, Self-Portrait as a Desperate Man; painting.
1845
Edgar A. Poe, "The Facts in the Case of Mr. Valdemar;" short story about mesmerism.
1846
Carl Gustav Carus, Psyche; psychology.
1848
Discovery of Spiritism in Hydesville, New York, by the Fox family.
1857
Victor Hugo, spiritist drawings, seances.
Justinus Kerner, Klecksographien; spiritist drawings.
1861
Hervey de Saint-Denis, Les Reves et les moyens de les diriger; psychology.
Alphonse Maury, Le Sommeil et les Reves; psychology.
1862
G.H. von Schubert, Die Symbolik des Traumes; psychology.
1868
Eduard von Hartmann, The Philosophy of the Unconscious; psychology.
1872
Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy; philosophy.
1876
Stephane Mallarme, "L'Apres midi d'un faun;" poetry.
1879
Odilon Redon, Dans le Reve; album of lithographs.
1881
Max Klinger, Fantasies on the Finding of a Glove; etchings.
1882
Society for Psychical Research founded in London.
J.M. Charcot presents lecture to French Academy on Hypnotic therapy for hysterics. Hypnosis is rehabilitated as a medical technique.
1885
Carl du Prel, The Philosophy of Mysticism; philosphy.
Sigmund Freud studies with Charcot in Paris; Max Nordau also studies with Charcot this year.
1886
Robert Louis Stevenson, The Strange Case of Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde; novel.
Guy de Maupassant, "Le Horla," short story.
1888
Paul Gauguin, Vision After the Sermon: Jacob Wrestling with the Angel; painting.
Edouard Dujardin, Les Lauriers sont coupees; novel with first direct interior monologue.
1889
First International Congress of Hypnotism in Paris. Among those attending were Charcot and Sigmund Freud.
Fernand Khnopff, Memories; painting.
1891
Odilon Redon, Songes; album of lithographs.
Fernand Khnopff,I lock my door upon myself; painting.
George DuMaurier, Peter Ibbetson; novel about dreams.
1894
George DuMaurier, Trilby; novel about hypnotism.
August Strindberg, "The New Arts, or the Role of Chance in Artistic Creation;" essay proposing the use of chance effects as an expression and analogue of the unconscious.
1895
Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud, Studies on Hysteria; psychology.
1897
Dr. Paul Chabaneix, Le Subconscient chez les artistes, les savants et les ecrivains; psychology.
1900
Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams; psychology.
Fernand Khnopff photographed in front of his altar to Hypnos. (date approximate)
1901
Annie Besant and Charles W. Leadbeater. Thought Forms; theosophy.
1902
August Strindberg, The Dream Play; drama.
1907
Emile Magnin, L'Art et l'Hypnose; hypnotic trance as a key to artistic creation, with documentation of experimental performances.
--http://www.boards.greaterthelema.org/viewtopic.php?pid=132 [Sept 2004]
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